{"id":3892,"date":"2023-12-29T20:16:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T19:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/?p=3892"},"modified":"2025-03-24T11:27:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T10:27:28","slug":"case-08-poison-gas-in-warfare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/?p=3892","title":{"rendered":"Case 08 &#8211; Poison Gas in Warfare"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3892\" class=\"elementor elementor-3892\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1eba8aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1eba8aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f992f2\" data-id=\"2f992f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7952e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7952e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/05-PREMIUMKILLCO__H-HAUBNER-small-228x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-3894\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/05-PREMIUMKILLCO__H-HAUBNER-small-228x300.png 228w, https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/05-PREMIUMKILLCO__H-HAUBNER-small.png 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e95a5f\" data-id=\"5e95a5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4428c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4428c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-732eafa\" data-id=\"732eafa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8905bd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8905bd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Poison Gas in Warfare &#8211; Series<\/h2><p>This GN-STAT report describes select examples of the usage of poison gas in warfare. The full report can be downloaded below.\u00a0<\/p><p>There report covers<\/p><ul><li>Mustard Gas in WWI<\/li><li>Spain\u2019s chemical weapons use in Morocco<\/li><li>Poison gas in Italy\u2019s war against the former Abyssinia<\/li><li>Chlorine gas in the so-called Dersim massacre<\/li><li>Chemical warfare agents in the Sino-Japanese war<\/li><li>Gaddafi\u2019s production of poison gas in Libya<\/li><li>Mass murder of Kurds in Iraq in 1988 using toxic weapons<\/li><li>Poison gas in the Syrian civil war<\/li><li>Poison gas beyond use in war against political opponents<\/li><\/ul><p>The first part of the series is also available to download below separately and deals with the use of German-made poisonous gas in Spain\u2019s colonial war against the Rifians (berber) people of Morocco in the 1920s.<\/p><p><i>Artwork by Haubi Haubner<\/i><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-574b07d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"574b07d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ddd834c\" data-id=\"ddd834c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e13960b\" data-id=\"e13960b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-90c487c\" data-id=\"90c487c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe92ec elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4fe92ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/C08-Giftgas-Long-EN-25-02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">English (Full)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a50232\" data-id=\"9a50232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34bf800 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"34bf800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/C08-Giftgas-Long-DE-25-02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">German (Full)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2042a00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2042a00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8dc8f1\" data-id=\"f8dc8f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d06603 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d06603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 20 16&#039; fill=&#039;none&#039; stroke=&#039;black&#039; stroke-width=&#039;1&#039; stroke-linecap=&#039;square&#039; stroke-miterlimit=&#039;10&#039;%3E%3Cg transform=&#039;translate(-12.000000, 0)&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M28,0L10,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M18,0L0,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M48,0L30,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M38,0L20,18&#039;\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f2cfe3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f2cfe3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f958017\" data-id=\"f958017\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edb570a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"edb570a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42aaabd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42aaabd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Abd_el-Krim_portrait-qhjeepy51ullva2az8zxa62ahopmkv77ooomuwohew.jpg\" title=\"Abd_el-Krim,_portrait\" alt=\"A black and white image of a man. It is the image of Abd El-Karim, leader of the Rifian people in their war against Spain.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e1dd64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e1dd64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d47cf10\" data-id=\"d47cf10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166e5b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166e5b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pictured above: Abd El-Karim (1882\/3 &#8211; 1963), president of the Rif Republic and a leader of the rebellion of the Rifian people against the Spanish colonization of Morrocco\/the Rif Republic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8001853\" data-id=\"8001853\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-569e9fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"569e9fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>08.1 Chemical Weapons in Spain\u2019s War in Morrocco <br \/>(1921-1927)<br \/><\/b><\/h3><p>On 27 November 1912, a Franco-Spanish treaty granted Spain the north of Morocco on the Mediterranean with the Rif Mountains as a protectorate. When the Spanish military attempted to take increasing possession of this area from 1921 onwards, the Berber resistance began under the leadership of Abd-el-Krim. At the Battle of Annual on 22 July 1921, over 13,000 Spanish soldiers died fighting against the Rifkabyles, who were waging guerrilla warfare. Abd-el-Krim founded the Islamic Rif Republic in northern Morocco in 1923.<\/p><p>Spain now used chemical warfare agents, especially poison gas, on a massive scale against the population of the Rif. Spain had imported the poison gas from Germany.<\/p><p><i>By J\u00fcrgen Neitzert &#8211; original in German<br \/><\/i><\/p><p><i>Download the full version or summaries in multiple languages below. <br \/><\/i><\/p><p><i>Graphic: Public Domain, WikimediaCommons<br \/><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4a06a67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4a06a67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c1e8a6\" data-id=\"7c1e8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5d265 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fa5d265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/C08-1-RifWar-EN-Short.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">English (Short)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99c5612\" data-id=\"99c5612\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26a4195 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"26a4195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/C08-1-RifWar-DE-Short.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">German (Short)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4755231\" data-id=\"4755231\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f22c802 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f22c802\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/C08-1-RifWar-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">English (Full)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3808238\" data-id=\"3808238\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc8f5b5 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bc8f5b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gn-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/C08-1-RifWar-DE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">German (Full)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poison Gas in Warfare &#8211; Series This GN-STAT report describes select examples of the usage of poison gas in warfare. The full report can be downloaded below.\u00a0 There report covers Mustard Gas in WWI Spain\u2019s chemical weapons use in Morocco Poison gas in Italy\u2019s war against the former Abyssinia Chlorine gas in the so-called Dersim 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